Symptoms and Cuases Neuropathy - Diabetes
Friday, December 14, 2018
Healthy-best.blogspot.com- Neuropathy is a general term used for conditions associated with abnormalities in nerve function. The word itself means Neuropathies nerve disorders. The nerves are there in the whole body can experience interference due to certain diseases or injuries.
Discussion of neuropathy can be quite extensive. Neuropathy themselves can be grouped based on the location of the affected nerve and diseases that caused it. The following are the types of neuropathy is common:
Peripheral Neuropathies
This condition occurs when the nerve disorder or a disorder affecting nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. In other words, peripheral Neuropathies affect the nerves in the limbs, such as arms, legs, hands, feet, and fingers.
The nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system which serves to carry signals to and from the brain. If the nerves at the shoulders, hips, thighs, or buttocks misbehaving, then the condition is known by the term proximal neuropathy.
Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy that affects motor functions:
• Muscle cramps and twinges.
• Weakness or paralysis in one or more of the muscles.
• Difficult to lift the foot, so that experience difficulty in walking.
• Muscle shrinks.
Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy that affects the sensory functions:
• Tingling sensations, namely Paresthesia or taste like impaled at the misbehaving.
• A sense of stinging and smarting, usually on the feet and legs.
• Baal and decreased the ability to feel pain.
• Swelling of the foot that is not felt.
• Changes in body temperature, especially in the part of the foot.
• Loss of balance or coordination.
• Feel pain from the stimulation that should not cause any pain at all.
Autonomic neuropathy
The condition arises due to damage to the nervous system involuntary. This nervous system control heart rate, blood circulation, digestive system, sexual response, sweat, and bladder function. Symptoms of autonomic neuropathy, among others:
• Especially at night will experience constipation or diarrhea.
• Low blood pressure or hypotension.
• Feel nausea, bloating, and burping often.
• Disorders of sexual response, such as erectile dysfunction.
• Rapid heartbeat or tachycardia.
• Difficulty in swallowing.
• Fecal Inkontinensial
• Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
• Difficulty urinating.
• Excessive Sweating.
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Cranial Neuropathies
A condition in which damage occurs on one of the 12 cranial nerves (nerves in the head section). Here are two types of cranial neuropathy:
• Optical Neuropathies. Cranial nerve abnormalities in the function send a signal to the brain's visual from the retina, thereby affecting vision.
• Auditory Neuropathy. Abnormalities in the cranial nerves that send signals from the ear toward the sound of the brain, and cause disruption in the hearing.
Focal neuropathy or mononeuropathy
Conditions that affect only one nerve, a nerve or group of nerves, on one of the parts of the body like the thighs, legs, arms, eyes, muscles or chest.
This condition is generally triggered by diabetes disease, with symptoms that appear suddenly. The symptoms can usually be subsiding by itself within 6 to 8 weeks.
Symptoms that appear will depend on which nerve is experiencing interference, for example:
• One side of the face of the weakening (Bell's palsy).
• The numbing or decreased sensitivity of fingering on your hands or fingers.
• Pain, numb fingers, or weak in the legs or arms.
• Pain in the eyes, as well as the haze or, can't focus.
Neuropathy generally causes symptoms, but not all sufferers have symptoms and the severity of the same. However, sometimes there is also neuropathy which does not cause any symptoms.
The Cause Of The Neuropathy
There are many things that can cause a person to experience neuropathy. The following are some of the conditions, injuries, and infections that can result in the appearance of neuropathy:
Trauma or injury. The cause of the nerve damage is the most common injury or trauma. Injuries can happen due to activity or accidents.
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Diabetes. It is a condition that is also often associated with neuropathy. If the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy appear in people who suffer from diabetes, then the condition is known by the term diabetic neuropathy. The symptoms usually become more severe if blood sugar is not controlled, or patients experiencing obesity and hypertension.
Autoimmune disease. Some autoimmune diseases can be the cause of the appearance of neuropathy, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome and.
The infection. Some viral infections or bacteria can also cause neuropathy, such as HIV/AIDS, Lyme disease, and syphilis.
The tumor. The presence of the tumor can suppress the nerves that are in the vicinity. Neuropathy can occur if tumors (benign or malignant) arise in the network surrounding the nerves.
Offspring. Neuropathy may also occur as a result of hereditary ataxia, Friedreich, such as Porphyria, and disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth.
Uremia. The condition occurs when the body's metabolism of residual buildup in the blood due to renal failure condition that eventually could lead to the emergence of neuropathy.
Ischemia. A condition when the shortage of blood supply network.
The resistance of blood flow to the nerves can cause long-term nerve damage.
Vitamin deficiency. Neuropathy can arise due to the lack of several vitamins, particularly vitamin B12 and folate, as well as several other B vitamins.
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Drugs. Some drugs for cancer therapy (one of which vincristine) and antibiotic (such as metronidazole and isoniazid) can cause damage to the nervous part.
Alcohol. Consuming excessive alcohol can cause damage to the nerves. Usually, the liquor addict experiencing the lack of nutrients and vitamins.
The poison. Some toxins (toxin) or harmful compounds can cause damage to the human nervous, for example, peptides, gold compounds, arsenic, lead, or mercury.
Diagnosis Of Neuropathy
At the beginning of the examination, the doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history of the perceived, as well as perform physical examinations to find out the cause and the level of It gets worse.
In addition, additional checks can be carried out to ensure the diagnosis and the cause.
One of the examinations is usually performed is the examination of blood, to find out if there are certain medical conditions that cause the onset of nerve damage.
To find out if there is an emphasis or damage to nerves, can do the imaging such as x-rays, CT scans, and MRI. Whereas the checks carried out specifically to see nerve function is:
• Electromyography (EMG). These tests serve to measure nerve function.
• Nerve conduction Test velocity (NVC). These tests serve to measure the speed of nerve signal on the Daybook.
• Nerve Biopsy. Is the sampling procedure neural networks, then examined under a microscope. If needed, a skin biopsy may also be done to check the depth of the nerve fibers in the skin.
Treatment Of Neuropathy
The goal of treatment is to relieve neuropathy symptoms appear and address the main cause. If the underlying conditions alleviated, then the neuropathy would be lost or recovered by itself.
Especially in diabetic neuropathy, setting the blood sugar levels will be crucial in helping prevent further damage on the part of the nerve that's been affected.
If neuropathy is caused by the emphasis or clamping on the nerves, so handling is through a surgical procedure.
Whereas if the neuropathy occurs due to autoimmune diseases, infections, kidney disorder, vitamin deficiency, drug side effects, injury, or other conditions, then the responses will also be tailored to the underlying disorder.
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The following are examples of drugs commonly used in addressing the symptoms and conditions associated with neuropathy:
• Anticonvulsants.
• Antidepressants.
• Opioid medications and the like.
• Topical pain relief Medications (applied topically on the skin).
• Alpha acid Antioxidant lipo at (to overcome the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy).
If symptoms or pain does not subside after treatment, a procedure called transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) can be done to stimulate the nervous system, by using electrical energy transmitted through the surface skin.
Neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, particularly common in the nerves of the foot.
Therefore, it is very important for the sufferer to provide special care against the parts of the body. Sufferers are encouraged to:
• Don't come out the House without wearing footwear.
• Do not use footwear that is damaged or does not match the size of the feet when traveling.
• Wash your feet every day with lukewarm water and dry it, especially in the section between the toes.
• Do not let the toenail to grow too long, or the cut it too short.
• Check your feet regularly to look for torn wounds, cuts, blisters or other damage.
• Massaging the legs to improve circulation or stop smoking so that blood circulation improves.
• Use thick socks to prevent friction or injury.
Neuropathy Prevention
Likening the treatment, prevention steps you can do to avoid the neuropathy depends on the underlying condition. Neuropathy diabetes can be prevented by maintaining and monitoring blood sugar levels regularly in order not to exceed the normal limits.
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While the neuropathy due to malnutrition, vitamin deficiency, or addicted to booze, it can be prevented by applying a balanced diet and limit alcohol consumption.
References:
Bansal, v. et. Al. (2006). Diabetic Neuropathy. Postgrad Med J. 82 (964), pp 95 – 100.
Hughes, r. (2002). Peripheral Neuropathy. BMJ. 324 (7335), pp. 466 – 469.
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2018). Peripheral neuropathy Fact Sheet.
NHS Choices UK (2016). Health A-Z. Peripheral Neuropathy.
Mayo Clinic (2015). Diseases & Conditions. Autonomic Neuropathy.
Mayo Clinic (2015). Diseases & Conditions. Diabetic Neuropathy.
Robinson, j. WebMD (2016). Understanding Peripheral Neuropathy--the Basics.
Rubin, M. Merck Manual. Hereditary Neuropathies.
Stöppler, et al. eMedicineHealth (2017). Neuropathy.
WebMD (2017). Diabetic Focal Neuropathy-Topic Overview.