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Healthy-best.blogspot.com- Hyperkalemia is a condition when the amount of potassium in the blood is very high. Potassium is an important role for the body, especially in the smooth functioning of muscles, nerves, and heart.

However, too much potassium in the body can cause disruption of electrical activity in the heart which is characterized by slow heart rate. Even in the case of heavy hyperkalemia, the heart can stop beating and cause death.

Type Hyperkalemia

Generally, the amount of potassium in the body is the ideal 3.5-5.0 mmol/l if the amount of potassium in the body more than 5.0 mmol/L, and then the patient is said to be hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia is divided into several types, namely:

• Hyperkalemia light. If the amount of potassium in the blood is 5.1-6.0 mmol/l is exceeded.

• Hyperkalemia. If the amount of potassium in the blood of 6.1-7.0 mmol/l is exceeded.

• Heavy Hyperkalemia. If the amount of potassium in the blood is above 7.0 mmol/l.

The cause of Hyperkalemia

Increasing the amount of potassium in the blood caused by a variety of things, ranging from health problems to the side effects of the use of drugs. Here are some types of health disorders that can cause hyperkalemia:

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• Renal failure. Kidney failure is one of the most common causes of hyperkalemia. When kidney function is impaired, the kidneys are not capable of removing excess potassium in the body. This condition causes the amount of potassium in the body increases.

• Diabetes. The high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood and causes acidosis potassium secretion from cells and into the bloodstream.

In addition, people with diabetes are also likely to experience a decrease in renal function in potassium through urine. This has led to increasing amounts of potassium in the blood of diabetics.

• Tissue damage. Destruction of the tissue causing the damaged cells to release potassium into the bloodstream. Some of the things that cause tissue damage, among other things:

o Operate action.
o Injury.
o Burns.
o Hemolytic Anemia
o Rhabdomyolysis, a condition when the muscle cell is damaged. It is usually caused by injury to the muscles, excessive alcohol consumption, or drug abuse.

• Addison's disease. The condition when the disruption of the function of the adrenal glands in producing several important hormones for the body, one of them is aldosterone.

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Hormones help regulate the amount of aldosterone sodium and fluid in the kidneys, as well as the issue of potassium through urine. If the production of hormones aldosterone decreases, then the impact on the increase of the amount of potassium in the body.

In addition, hyperkalemia can also be caused by certain types of drugs, inter alia:

• Potassium-sparing diuretics.
• Enzyme angiotensin inhibitor drugs modifier (ACE PI fi).
• Drug nonsteroid anti inflames (OAINS).
• Angiotensin-receptor inhibitor drugs (ARBs).
• Kotrimoksazol.
• Heparin.
• Ketoconazole.

Symptoms Hyperkalemia

Symptoms of hyperkalemia appeared based on the amount of potassium in the blood. Symptoms that may occur are:

• Tired and limp.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Impaired breathing.
• Pain in the chest.
• Tingling and numbness.
• The heart pounding.
• Paralysis.
• Heart failure.
However, sometimes the sufferer hyperkalemia don't feel symptoms.

Diagnosis of Hyperkalemia

As a first step, the doctor will ask the patient's medical history related questions, eating patterns, and the use of the drug.

It is important for the doctor to know what kind of drugs are consumed, due to the side effects of certain drugs can cause hyperkalemia.

In the next step, the doctor will check the heartbeat and blood pressure make sure that the patient's condition is stable. Then, the doctor will have a follow-up inspection that includes help with:

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• Blood test and urine test, find out the amount of potassium in the blood and urine. If the amount of potassium in the blood is high, your doctor will do blood tests to monitor the back the ups and downs amount of potassium in the body.

• Electrocardiography (ECG), control heart rhythm disorders may occur in patients.
Treatment of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia treatment is performed based on the following:

• The main causes of hyperkalemia.
• The severity of the symptoms.
• The patient's overall health conditions.

For patients with mild hyperkalemia, the doctor will instruct their eating habits with a low potassium diet menu, and to change or stop medications that can cause hyperkalemia.

For patients with severe hyperkalemia, treatment and intensive care need to be done. Several types of drugs used are:

• Sugar and insulin. The doctor will give you sugar and insulin infusion by at once. Insulin can help restore the potassium in the cells of the body. However, to prevent hypoglycemia, given the infusion of sugar.

• Resin. Resins, such as calcium polystyrene sulphonate, able to bind and it through the potassium channel Cerna removed.

• Calcium Gluconate. Calcium Gluconate is given via infusion to protect the heart muscle from the influence of hyperkalemia.

• Diuretics. Diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, over and above can help dispose of potassium through urine.

• Albuterol and epinephrine, restore the potassium in the blood into the cells of the body.

In the case of heavy hyperkalemia in renal failure, can be done washing blood (hemodialysis) to excessive levels of potassium in the blood decreases.

Complications of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia can cause arrhythmias, heart rhythm changes, namely that the soul can be pushed. This condition can cause ventricular fibrillation that causes heart bottom to vibrate quickly, but not pumps blood.

If not immediately hyperkalemia the handling, they can make the heart stop beating and cause death.

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Prevention Hyperkalemia

Some of the ways that can be done to prevent hyperkalemia, inter alia:

• Control the amount of potassium in food intake. Examples of food or drinks that contain a lot of potassium are bananas, potatoes, nuts, peaches, meat, and milk.

• Perform regular checks potassium in diabetics, kidney failure, or in people who are taking any medications that can increase potassium levels.

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