Dementia-What is Dementia and how to treat it
Friday, December 7, 2018
Healthy-best.blogspot.com- Dementia is a syndrome associated with a decrease in the ability of brain function, such as reduced memory, decreased ability to think, understand something, do considerations, and understand language, and decreased mental intelligence. The syndrome is generally attacking elderly people over 65 years old.
Sufferers of dementia generally will experience depression, mood swings, and behavior, difficulty socializing, to hallucinate. Sufferers are not able to live independently and need the support of others.
Keep in mind that not all people who experience a decrease in memory or a decrease in the ability of brain function can be associated with dementia. Check with your doctor to find out the condition appropriately.
Dementia cannot be cured, but early treatment can help relieve and slow the progression of symptoms, as well as to avoid further complications.
Causes Of Dementia
Dementia is caused by damage to the brain's nerve cells in certain parts, so lose the ability to communicate with other body nerves, and resulted in the appearance of the symptoms correspond to the area of the brain that has been damaged.
There are a variety of conditions in the case of dementia. There is a type of dementia that developed progressively, and there are also other conditions which resemble dementia happens because certain reactions and can be pressed.
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Progestin dementia is a condition caused by damage to specific brain nerve cells and may deteriorate over time. This condition generally cannot be restored completely. Some kind of progressive dementia include:
• Alzheimer is Disease is the most common cause of dementia. The cause is still unknown, but some genetic disorders can increase the risk of this disease. On the brain of plaques found in the form of beta-amyloid protein clumping, interlacing also fibrous tissue formed by the protein tau.
• Vascular Dementia. Disorders of the blood vessels of the brain are the second highest cause of dementia. This condition can also cause strokes and other diseases related to disorders of the blood vessels.
• Lewy body dementia. Lewy body is abnormal Clotting proteins in the brain, which can also be found in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
• Frontotemporal Dementia. A group of diseases characterized by degeneration of the brain cells of the frontal and temporal part, which is generally associated with the behavior, personality, ability to speak.
• Mixed Dementia. Generally experienced by elderly people above 80 years without a clear cause. Mixed dementia usually include Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia.
Conditions resembling dementia there are other conditions that can cause dementia or cause symptoms resembling dementia. Most of these conditions cause symptoms which is temporary and can be recovered after treatment. But some conditions cause symptoms to persist, such as Huntington's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Parkinson's disease, and a brain injury.
Other conditions that may cause symptoms resembling dementia which is temporary and can be recovered with treatment, namely:
• Metabolic Disorders or endocrine. Conditions such as thyroid abnormalities, hypoglycemia, lack or excess levels of sodium or calcium, the body's inability to absorb vitamin B12 can trigger symptoms resembling dementia or behavioral change.
• Abnormalities of body durability system. This condition can lead to fevers or other side effects that can degrade the ability of the system to the durability of the body against infection. Conditions such as multiple sclerosis can also trigger dementia.
• Medical Reaction. Some interactions between medications or vitamins can trigger dementia.
• Nutritional deficiencies. Conditions such as dehydration, vitamin deficiency (particularly B1, B6, and B12) or alcohol dependence, can lead to symptoms resembling dementia.
• Poisoning. Triggered by exposure to lead, heavy metals, pesticides, drugs and alcohol.
• Subdural hematoma. The blood buildup in the spaces between the layers and layers of arachnoid on the skull cavity, caused by injury or trauma to the head.
• Anoksia (hypoxia). This condition occurs when the tissue in the body is not getting enough oxygen intake, such as in people with asthma, heart attacks, carbon monoxide gas poisoning and more.
• Normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Caused by the widening of the ventricles in the brain, causing sufferers to difficulty walking, urinary to dispose of lost memories.
• Brain Tumor. Rare, but it can be one of the triggers dementia occurs.
As for some other condition that can trigger the onset of dementia, including trauma or repetitive brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob.
Risk Factors
By their nature, the factors that can increase the risk of dementia was divided into two, namely the factors that are out of control and the factors that can be controlled.
Risk factors of dementia that is out of control and could not be modified include the increase of the age, family health history, and health problems such as mild cognitive disorder and down syndrome.
While the risk factors of dementia that can be controlled or avoided include the habit of smoking and consuming alcohol, depression, sleep apnea, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol, hypertension, and atherosclerosis (fatty buildup on the walls the arteries).
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Symptoms Of Dementia
Sufferers of dementia commonly experience symptoms in accordance with the cause, with cognitive and psychological changes as major symptoms.
Symptoms are generally perceived in terms of cognitive include:
• Missing memories.
• Difficulty communicating.
• Difficulty speaking and better said.
• Difficult to troubleshoot or plotting something.
• decreased Concentration.
• Difficult to assess the situation and take a decision.
• Difficult to coordinate the movements of the body.
• feel confused.
While the symptoms are perceived in terms of psychological include:
• Restless.
• Changes in behavior and emotions.
• Feel the fear (paranoid).
• Agitation.
• Hallucinations.
In severe conditions, sufferers can experience symptoms such as advanced paralysis on one side of the body, unable to withstand the urinary, decreased appetite, and difficulty swallowing.
Consulting a doctor should do when someone is experiencing one or more of the symptoms of dementia, in order to get further examination.
The Diagnosis Of Dementia
Dementia is not easy because of a large number of diagnosed for symptoms that can indicate a disease of some sort. In addition to asking for a history of the disease and the patient's health and family, physical examination and also carried out a series of follow-up tests, which include:
• Tests of cognitive and neuro psikologis. Check out the ability to think, remember, orientation, judgment, concentration, to the stringing of the language.
• Neurological Examination. Check the motor ability, balance, taste, and reflexes.
•Sscanning. Check the condition of the muscles, tissues, and the flow of electricity through the neural brain CT scan, MRI, EEG, and PET scans.
• Examination of the blood. Check the presence of a disorder that can affect brain function such as vitamin B12 deficiency, or decrease the function of the thyroid gland.
• Examination of the spinal fluid. To detect if there is an infection or inflammation of the nervous system.
• Psychiatric Tests. Check if sufferers experience depression or other mental conditions that can affect the health of the brain.
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In the case of undiagnosed progressive dementia, doctors will refer to the theory of the 5 stages of development conditions for determining the severity of dementia. The fifth stage includes:
• Stage 1: the ability of the brain function of sufferers are still in the stage of normal.
• Phase 2: Sufferers begin to experience a decrease in the ability of brain function but are still capable of living independently.
• Phase 3: the sufferer starts a little trouble doing everyday activities, but still mild in intensity.
• Phase 4: Sufferers begin to require the help of another person to perform daily activities.
• Phase 5: the ability of brain function sufferers dropped dramatically and unable to live independently.
References:
Duong, s. et al. (2017). Dementia: What Apothecary Need to Know. Canadian Pharmacists Journal, 150 (2), pp. 118-129 Savica, r. Petersen, RC. (2011). Prevention of Dementia. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 34 (1), pp. 127-145 the World Health Organization (2017). Dementia.
NHS Choices UK (2017). Health A-Z. Dementia Guide.
Mayo Clinic (2017). Diseases and Conditions. Dementia.
Taylor, D. Medicinenet. Dementia.